Journal: Scientific Reports
Article Title: Intradermal immunization with Plasmodium berghei late-arresting genetically attenuated sporozoites induces PD-L1 expression on regulatory macrophages and dendritic cells
doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-27588-4
Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental set-up. Overview of the timeline of mice immunizations via IV or ID. 2 days after immunizations, the parasitic liver-load was determined by IVIS. For the early immune response (myeloid activation), organs were harvested 2 days post 2nd immunization ID/IV. For the late immune response (T cell activation), cells where organs were harvested 7 days post 2nd immunization ID/IV. Cells were isolated from the organs and restimulated with GA2 SPZ, LPS, PMA/Iono or unstimulated. After 4 h of incubation, cells were stained with fluorescent antibodies and measured by flow cytometry.
Article Snippet: Imaging was performed using the IVIS Lumina II Imaging System (Perkin Elmer Life Sciences, Waltham, USA) 8 min after a subcutaneous injection with D-luciferin dissolved in PBS (100 mg/kg; Caliper Life Sciences, USA).
Techniques: Activation Assay, Isolation, Incubation, Staining, Flow Cytometry